Businesses utilize various operating systems, including Windows, macOS, and Linux, to power their computers and servers. These operating systems provide the foundation for running applications and managing hardware resources effectively.

Businesses often maintain server infrastructure to store and manage data, host applications, and facilitate network services. Servers can be physical machines or virtualized environments, running operating systems optimized for server workloads.

Businesses require networking equipment such as routers, switches, and firewalls to establish and maintain their network infrastructure. These devices enable data transmission, secure connectivity, and network management.

Storage systems play a crucial role in managing and preserving business data. Businesses utilize various storage technologies such as hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), network-attached storage (NAS), and storage area networks (SANs) to meet their data storage needs.

Businesses rely on productivity software suites like Microsoft Office, Google Workspace, and collaboration tools such as Slack and Microsoft Teams. These tools facilitate document creation, communication, project management, and team collaboration.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software enables businesses to manage customer interactions, track sales leads, and streamline customer service. Popular CRM platforms include Salesforce, Microsoft Dynamics 365, and HubSpot.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate various business functions such as finance, HR, inventory management, and supply chain operations into a unified platform. Examples of ERP software include SAP, Oracle NetSuite, and Microsoft Dynamics 365.

To protect sensitive data and systems from cyber threats, businesses deploy security software solutions such as antivirus programs, firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS), and vulnerability scanning tools.

Business Intelligence (BI) tools enable businesses to analyze and visualize data, gain insights, and make informed decisions. Examples of BI software include Tableau, Power BI, and QlikView.

Many businesses develop or acquire custom software applications tailored to their specific needs. These applications can range from internal tools for process automation to customer-facing applications for e-commerce or service delivery.

Tier 1 support represents the initial point of contact for end users seeking assistance. These support professionals possess foundational knowledge and skills to handle basic troubleshooting and provide general guidance. They address common user issues, such as password resets, software installations, and basic hardware troubleshooting.

Tier 2 support professionals possess a deeper level of technical expertise. They handle more complex issues that require specialized knowledge in specific systems or applications. These professionals have a broader understanding of the organization's IT infrastructure and can diagnose and resolve more advanced problems that may arise.

Tier 3 support involves highly skilled specialists who have in-depth knowledge and expertise in specific areas. These professionals handle complex and critical issues that require specialized technical know-how. They work closely with vendors, perform advanced troubleshooting, conduct system and software upgrades, and address intricate network or server-related problems.

System administrators are responsible for managing and maintaining the organization's IT systems and infrastructure. They possess a comprehensive understanding of operating systems, network configurations, security protocols, and system optimization. They handle tasks such as server administration, user management, system backups, and software updates.

Network engineers focus on the design, implementation, and management of an organization's network infrastructure. They possess expertise in networking protocols, security, and routing. Network engineers configure and maintain network devices, troubleshoot connectivity issues, monitor network performance, and ensure efficient data transmission.

Security specialists focus on safeguarding the organization's data, systems, and networks against cyber threats. They possess extensive knowledge of cybersecurity best practices, encryption, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. These specialists implement security measures, perform vulnerability assessments, investigate security incidents, and ensure compliance with data protection regulations.

Database administrators are responsible for managing and optimizing the organization's databases. They handle tasks such as database design, installation, configuration, and performance tuning. Database administrators ensure data integrity, implement backup and recovery procedures, and provide support for database-related issues.

Project managers oversee IT projects from initiation to completion. They possess strong organizational and leadership skills, ensuring projects are delivered within budget and on schedule. Project managers collaborate with various teams and stakeholders, define project objectives, allocate resources, and manage project risks.